Enterprise Structure SAP SD.

Enterprise Structure of an organisation

 

SAP SD Terms used !

SAP:

Definitions:

1.Sales organisation: Sales Organization is an organizational unit responsible for the sale of certain products or services.mostly repersesnted 4-digit alpha numeric codewith external numbering.

2.Distribution channels: It is the way, in which Products or Services reach Customers.

3.Division: It is a way of grouping materials, products, or services.

4.Sales Area: Sales Area is the combination of the Sales: (Organisation + Distribution Channel + Division)

5.Sales Office: Sales office of a company is an office, which has sales persons associated with it.

I 6.Sales Group: Sales group is determined in the sales order as per customer master, sales area data or it can be maintained manually.

7. Shipping point: Shipping Point is the Organizational element, which is responsible for shipping the Materials to the Customers.

8. Plant: A plant is a place where either materials are produced or goods and services provided.

9. Storage Location : It is a storage area comprising warehouses in close proximity. Storage locations are always created for a plant.

10.Enterprice Structure: It is an organizational structure that represents an enterprise in SAP R/3 system. It consists of some organizational units like sales organisation, plant, storage location, division, distribution channel,sales office, sales group,etc...

Assignments needed in SD Module:

company code - company, company code - credit control area, company code -controlling area, sales organisation- company code, plant - company code, distribution channel – sales organisation, division – sales organisation, set up a sales area, sales office – sales area, sales group – sales office, sales organisation – distribution channel – site, sales area -credit controll area, purch organization- company code, purch organization- plant, standard purchase organization-plant, purchase organization – reference purchase organization, warehouse number – plant, shipping point to plant, maintance planning site to maintance plant, personal area – company code, etc...

11. Company Code:The company code is the central organizational unit of external accounting within the SAP System.

Why we need company code: You must define at least one company code before implementing the Financial Accounting component. The business transactions relevant for Financial Accounting are entered, saved, and evaluated at company code level. You must set up at least one company code in each client.

12. Controlling Area: It is the central organizational unit of the Controlling (CO) component. You use the controlling area to carry out cost accounting.

Why we need controlling area: You must assign a controlling area to your company code to ensure that this data is forwarded to Controlling for further processing for cost accounting.

13. Material Master: The material master contains information on all the materials that a company procures or produces, stores, and sells. This information is stored in individual material master records.

Views available in Material Master: Client, Company Code, Plant, Storage Location, Purchase Organization, Sales Organization, Warehouse Number, Storage Type.

14.Master Data: Master data is data that remains unchanged over a long period of time. It contains information that is always needed in the same way.

Master data available in SAP SD: Customer Master data, Material Master data, Customer-Material Information Record, Output Master data, Condition Master data.

 

15: what typically Customer Master have : It has 3 tabs viz General (master details), Company data(company details) , Sales data (sales details) .

 

16.Basic Partners in SAP SD: Internal Employees ( partner in HR system) and External Parties (customer and vendor)

17. Availablity Check: Availability check is an integral part of the business process that determines if the required delivery quantity can be met on a required delivery date.

18. MRP: The main function of material requirements planning is to guarantee material availability,. that is, it is used to procure or produce the requirement quantities on time both for internal purposes and for sales and distribution.

19. Contract:A contract, also known as a blanket PO, just contains quantity and price information and no details of specific delivery dates

20. Delivary: A delivery is the basis for a process where the goods are physically moved and for the posting of goods.

Types of Delivary Documents in SAP: For Inbound Delivary Process, (Inbound Delivary Notification, Inbound Delivary) For Outbound Delivary Process, (Outbound Delivary Request, Outbound Delivary Order, Outbound Delivary).

21. Inquery: An Inquiry is an internal document that records the information about request from prospective customer for internal use only.

22. Quotation: It is a document that legally attached for us lo know who issued it.

23. Copy Control:Copy control is the process which is used to copy the data from source document to target document .

24. Customer Account Group:customer account group defines the structure of the customers master data.

25. Partner Function: Partner Functions are terms that describe the people and organizations with whom you do business, and who are therefore involved in Business transactions.

How to define Partner Function:

Define:SPRO>> choose Customer Relationship Management ® Basic Functions ® Partner Processing ® Define Partner Functions.

26. Cross Selling and how do u cross sell: Cross Selling is a concept by which the business can improve the sales. By using this concept the business can offer combination material for ordered material.

eg:

Suppose you got a call from the customer for a computer, along with that computer you are going to show him Head phone, Mouse etc. This is what called cross selling.

.

 27. Material Rebate: A partial refund following a purchase (after billing) depending on the particular product, product quality, time, and place of purchase.

Rebates Process in SAP: It is divided into three components
1) Configuring Rebates
2) Setting Up Rebates
3) Managing rebate agreements and payments

28. Scheduling Agreement: Scheduling agreement is an outline agreement with the customer which generally contains delivery quantities and dates.

29.Accounting Documents generated in SD:The accounting document created at SD typically contains the following three lines:

-Customer posting in accounts receivable and simultaneously posting to reconciliation account in general ledger

-Sales revenue posting

-Tax posting

-Discounts

 

30. Partner Determination: The process of determining all the entities who are involved in a business transaction.

SAP SD Basics to be known !

General:

what is ERP?

An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is an integrated computer-based application used to manage internal and external resources

what is SAP?

SAP (Systems, Applications, Products in Data Processing), They provide business software designed to help companies execute and optimize business and IT strategies. 

Versions of SAP?

1) My SAP ERP : caters Large scale industries

2) SAP All in One : caters medium scale industries with more than 1000employees or turn over of above 10Crore.

3) SAP Business One : caters for small and medium scale business sectors.

Versions:

SAP R/3 Release 3.1I

SAP R/3 Release 4.0B

SAP R/3 Release 4.5B

SAP R/3 Release 4.6A/4.6B/4.6C

SAP R/3 Enterprise Release 4.70

SAP R/3 Enterprise Edition 4.7

SAP R/3 ECC 5.0

SAP R/3 ECC 6.0

SAP R/3 ENTERPRISE PORTAL 7.0

Typical Architecture of SAP? And How data is getting flowed in SAP?

SAP R/3 is a 3 tire Structure viz Presentation Layer, Application Layer, Data Base layer.

PL: Consist of GUI n Easy Access.

AL: Consist of -Dispatcher (dispatches the data and convers USER data to SAP data)

-Queue (FIFO queues up the data)

-Work Process(converts SAPdata to RDBMS data)

-SAP Buffer(saves a copy of work done)

-Main Memory( contatins all the functions thats is happening in AL)

DBL: consist of RDBMS , DB

GUI - Dispatch – Queue - Work Process – RDBMS – DB - (vice versa)

what is Application server and what happens to it?

Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server.

what is GUI?

Graphical User Interface (GUI): It allows for some user customization. If you wish, you can change background and foreground colors, along with several other user defined settings using GUI.

Latest versions of GUI?

End of support for both SAP GUI for Windows 6.20 and SAP GUI for Windows 7.10 is approaching:

• Support for SAP GUI for Windows 6.20 will end on 31st of December 2010
• Support for SAP GUI for Windows 7.10 will end on 12th of April 2011

If you are currently using any of these releases, we recommend starting to plan an upgrade to release 7.20 as soon as possible.

What is Easy Access?

The SAP Easy Access screen is where you will start every session, and is the primary user navigation area..wen u compleate ur task,You will be warned that any unsaved data will be lost, and asked if you wish to logoff.

What is IMG?

Implementation Guide helps users in customizing SAP R/3.

-Step by Step plan for implementing all SAP Modules.

What is a Functional Module? 

Functional modules bring value by combining particular business process knowledge such as sales knowledge with configuring the aspect of the same in SAP.

SD, PP, MM, QM, PM, FICO, IM, HR, TM, etc...

What is a Technical Module?

Technical Modules generally deal with programming and system admin.

ABAP, BW, CA, etc....

How Functional Modules are Integrated ?

Integration of functional module can be done by linking the different sub-modules of SAP which will help us to have the consistent data throughout the system.

Basic Modules and Enhanced Modules in SAP?

Basic modules: ABAB, BASIS, PP,SD,MM,FICO, etc...

Enhanced modules:BI,CRM,SCM,PLM,etc..

What is a Table? How can you view your Table?

A table is nothing but a matirx containing rows and columns which Show the database would handle the data. All tables can be viewed via the SAP data dictionary using transaction code SE11.

What is a Table-Structure?

A structure is a table without data. It is only filled by program logic at the moment it is needed starting from tables.

Basic Business Process:

1.. Order to Cash:

Type 1:

Recive order – check customer credit - check availablity of material – determine the pricing - create order – process the material – schedule delivary -deliver – send invoice .

Type 2:

Recive order – check availablity – determine the pricing - recive payment – process the material -invoice – delivary

2.Marketing: Marketing is the process by which companies create customer interest in goods or services. Marketing is used to identify the customer, to satisfy the customer, and to maintain the customer for future business.

3.Sales: The activity involved in the selling of products or services in return for money.

4.Third party Sales: A third-party sales process generally happens when you can't make delivery to the customer due to insufficient stock .In that situation normally you will go for third party sales process. 

5.Consignment :The delivery of goods for sale or disposal carried by a large vehicle. 

6.Free Goods: FreeGood is described as a good that is not scarce (available in as great quantity ). 

7.Cash Sales: A cash sale is a financial transaction that is completed on the actual trade date. 

8.Rebate:An incentive to be given to a customer .clubbed with qty purchased by a customer within the period specified (say one month)-conditional

.9.Discount:A price discount to be given to a customer on account of heavy purchase by one single billing.-From the price List(Base price). - unconditional 

10.Tax Involved in Sales Cycle: Value Added Tax, Sales Tax, Excise Tax. 

11.Finance: Finance is the science of funds management. 

12.Costing: It is the process of analyzing the costs and benefits of different options. 

13.Cost Centre: (1) A cost centre is a division that adds to the cost of an organization, but only indirectly adds to its profit. (2) Cost Centers are the organizational units within a controlling area that represents a location where costs occur.

14. Controlling Area:A controlling area is an organizational unit which is a

closed system which is used for cost accounting.

15. Fiscal Year Variant: It is nothing but the financial year. Fiscal year having 12 normal possting periods and 4 special periods.

16.General Ledger: GL is the main accounting record of a business which usually include accounts for such items as current assets, fixed assets, liabilities, revenue and expense items, gains and losses 

17.Profit and Loss Account: 

The purpose of the profit and loss account is to

• Show whether a business has made a PROFIT or LOSS over a financial year.
• Describe how the profit or loss arose – e.g. categorising costs between “cost of sales” and operating costs.

18.Chart Of Accounts: COA is a list of the accounts used by an organization. The list can be numerical, alphabetic, or alpha-numeric.